Standard Herbal Extract

Introduction:

Weight loss, promotes fat burning within fat cells in white adipose tissue by increasing the expression of thermogenin.

Kelp Extract Safety Tips

Handling of Kelp Extract should only be performed by personnel trained and familiar with handling potent active pharmaceutical ingredients. Moderate to severe irritant to the skin and eyes.

References

• 1. Reduction in colon cancer risk by consumption of kava or kava fractions in carcinogen-treated rats.
  Triolet J, Shaik AA, Gallaher DD, O’Sullivan MG, Xing C.Nutr Cancer. 2012 Aug;64(6):838-46. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2012.689917. Epub 2012 Jun 13.
• 2. Contaminant Hepatotoxins as Culprits for Kava Hepatotoxicity – Fact or Fiction?
  Teschke R, Sarris J, Lebot V.Phytother Res. 2012 May 14. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4729. [Epub ahead of print]
• 3. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of kava kava extract (CAS No. 9000-38-8) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (Gavage Studies).
  National Toxicology Program.Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 2012 Mar;(571):1-186.
• 4. Ecklonia cava polyphenol protects the liver against ethanol-induced injury in rats.
  Takahashi M, Satake N, Yamashita H, Tamura A, Sasaki M, Matsui-Yuasa I, Tabuchi M, Akahoshi Y, Terada M, Kojima-Yuasa A.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Jul;1820(7):978-88. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.02.008. Epub 2012 Feb 23.
• 5. Kava components down-regulate expression of AR and AR splice variants and reduce growth in patient-derived prostate cancer xenografts in mice.
  Li X, Liu Z, Xu X, Blair CA, Sun Z, Xie J, Lilly MB, Zi X.PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31213. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031213. Epub 2012 Feb 9.
• 6. Flavokawain B, a kava chalcone, induces apoptosis in synovial sarcoma cell lines.
  Sakai T, Eskander RN, Guo Y, Kim KJ, Mefford J, Hopkins J, Bhatia NN, Zi X, Hoang BH.J Orthop Res. 2012 Jul;30(7):1045-50. doi: 10.1002/jor.22050. Epub 2011 Dec 29.
• 7. Methysticin and 7,8-dihydromethysticin are two major kavalactones in kava extract to induce CYP1A1.
  Li Y, Mei H, Wu Q, Zhang S, Fang JL, Shi L, Guo L.Toxicol Sci. 2011 Dec;124(2):388-99. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr235. Epub 2011 Sep 9.
• 8. Liver toxicity and carcinogenicity in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice exposed to Kava Kava.
  Behl M, Nyska A, Chhabra RS, Travlos GS, Fomby LM, Sparrow BR, Hejtmancik MR, Chan PC.Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Nov;49(11):2820-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.067. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
• 9. Lung tumorigenesis suppressing effects of a commercial kava extract and its selected compounds in A/J mice.
  Johnson TE, Hermanson D, Wang L, Kassie F, Upadhyaya P, O’Sullivan MG, Hecht SS, Lu J, Xing C.Am J Chin Med. 2011;39(4):727-42.
• 10. Constituents in kava extracts potentially involved in hepatotoxicity: a review.
  Olsen LR, Grillo MP, Skonberg C.Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 Jul 18;24(7):992-1002. doi: 10.1021/tx100412m. Epub 2011 May 3. Review.
• 11. Kava extract, an herbal alternative for anxiety relief, potentiates acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity in rat hepatic cells.
  Yang X, Salminen WF.Phytomedicine. 2011 May 15;18(7):592-600. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.02.006. Epub 2011 Mar 11.
• 12. Regulatory causality evaluation methods applied in kava hepatotoxicity: are they appropriate?
  Teschke R, Wolff A.Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011 Feb;59(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.09.006. Epub 2010 Sep 18. Review.
• 13. Re-introduction of kava (Piper methysticum) to the EU: is there a way forward?
  Sarris J, Teschke R, Stough C, Scholey A, Schweitzer I.Planta Med. 2011 Jan;77(2):107-10. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1250290. Epub 2010 Sep 2.
• 14. Flavokawain B, the hepatotoxic constituent from kava root, induces GSH-sensitive oxidative stress through modulation of IKK/NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways.
  Zhou P, Gross S, Liu JH, Yu BY, Feng LL, Nolta J, Sharma V, Piwnica-Worms D, Qiu SX.FASEB J. 2010 Dec;24(12):4722-32. doi: 10.1096/fj.10-163311. Epub 2010 Aug 9.
• 15. Kava hepatotoxicity: pathogenetic aspects and prospective considerations.
  Teschke R.Liver Int. 2010 Oct;30(9):1270-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02308.x. Review.
• 16. Cyclodextrins as carriers for kavalactones in aqueous media: spectroscopic characterization of (S)-7,8-dihydrokavain and beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex.
  Pescitelli G, Bilia AR, Bergonzi MC, Vincieri FF, Di Bari L.J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2010 Aug 1;52(4):479-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.01.037. Epub 2010 Feb 1.
• 17. Final report on the safety assessment of Piper methysticum leaf/root/stem extract and Piper methysticum root extract.
  Robinson V, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Klaassen CD, Marks JG Jr, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW; Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, Andersen FA.Int J Toxicol. 2009 Nov-Dec;28(6 Suppl):175S-88S. doi: 10.1177/1091581809350934.
• 18. Gene expression profiling in male B6C3F1 mouse livers exposed to kava identifies–changes in drug metabolizing genes and potential mechanisms linked to kava toxicity.
  Guo L, Shi Q, Dial S, Xia Q, Mei N, Li QZ, Chan PC, Fu P.Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Feb;48(2):686-96. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.11.050. Epub 2009 Dec 3.
• 19. The Kava Anxiety Depression Spectrum Study (KADSS): a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial using an aqueous extract of Piper methysticum.
  Sarris J, Kavanagh DJ, Byrne G, Bone KM, Adams J, Deed G.Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 Aug;205(3):399-407. doi: 10.1007/s00213-009-1549-9. Epub 2009 May 9.
• 20. Kava Anxiety Depression Spectrum Study (KADSS): a mixed methods RCT using an aqueous extract of Piper methysticum.
  Sarris J, Kavanagh DJ, Adams J, Bone K, Byrne G.Complement Ther Med. 2009 Jun;17(3):176-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2009.01.001. Epub 2009 Feb 7.

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