Standard Herbal Extract

Echinacea Extract Safety Tips

Handling of Echinacea Extract should only be performed by personnel trained and familiar with handling potent active pharmaceutical ingredients. Moderate to severe irritant to the skin and eyes.

References

• 1. Devil’s Claw-a review of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and biological activity of Harpagophytum procumbens.
  Mncwangi N, Chen W, Vermaak I, Viljoen AM, Gericke N.J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Oct 11;143(3):755-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.013. Epub 2012 Aug 21.
• 2. Molecular targets of the antiinflammatory Harpagophytum procumbens (devil’s claw): inhibition of TNFα and COX-2 gene expression by preventing activation of AP-1.
  Fiebich BL, Muñoz E, Rose T, Weiss G, McGregor GP.Phytother Res. 2012 Jun;26(6):806-11. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3636. Epub 2011 Nov 10.
• 3. Effect of isolated fractions of Harpagophytum procumbens D.C. (devil’s claw) on COX-1, COX-2 activity, and nitric oxide production on whole-blood assay.
  Anauate MC, Torres LM, de Mello SB.Phytother Res. 2010 Sep;24(9):1365-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3124.
• 4. Inhibitory effects of devil’s claw (secondary root of Harpagophytum procumbens) extract and harpagoside on cytokine production in mouse macrophages.
  Inaba K, Murata K, Naruto S, Matsuda H.J Nat Med. 2010 Apr;64(2):219-22. doi: 10.1007/s11418-010-0395-8. Epub 2010 Feb 23.
• 5. Evidence of effectiveness of herbal medicinal products in the treatment of arthritis. Part I: Osteoarthritis.
  Cameron M, Gagnier JJ, Little CV, Parsons TJ, Blümle A, Chrubasik S.Phytother Res. 2009 Nov;23(11):1497-515. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3007. Review.
• 6. Retrospective evaluation of biopsychosocial determinants and treatment response in patients receiving devil’s claw extract (doloteffin).
  Thanner J, Kohlmann T, Künzel O, Chrubasik S.Phytother Res. 2009 May;23(5):742-4. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2731.
• 7. The inhibition of free radical generation by preparations of Harpagophytum procumbens in vitro.
  Grant L, McBean DE, Fyfe L, Warnock AM.Phytother Res. 2009 Jan;23(1):104-10. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2570.
• 8. Effect of the major glycosides of Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil’s Claw) on epidermal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in vitro.
  Abdelouahab N, Heard C.J Nat Prod. 2008 May;71(5):746-9. doi: 10.1021/np070204u. Epub 2008 Apr 16.
• 9. Dermal and transcutaneous delivery of the major glycoside constituents of Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil’s Claw) in vitro.
  Abdelouahab N, Heard CM.Planta Med. 2008 Apr;74(5):527-31. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1074500. Epub 2008 Apr 10.
• 10. Protective effect of an aqueous extract of Harpagophytum procumbens upon Escherichia coli strains submitted to the lethal action of stannous chloride.
  Almeida MC, Soares SF, Abreu PR, Jesus LM, Brito LC, Bernardo-Filho M.Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2007 Apr 15;53 Suppl:OL923-7.
• 11. Identification of major and minor constituents of Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil’s claw) using HPLC-SPE-NMR and HPLC-ESIMS/APCIMS.
  Clarkson C, Staerk D, Hansen SH, Smith PJ, Jaroszewski JW.J Nat Prod. 2006 Sep;69(9):1280-8.
• 12. [Bone metastases in breast carcinoma].
  Teut M, Warning A.Forsch Komplementmed. 2006 Feb;13(1):46-8. Epub 2006 Jan 3. German.
• 13. Downregulation of iNOS expression in rat mesangial cells by special extracts of Harpagophytum procumbens derives from harpagoside-dependent and independent effects.
  Kaszkin M, Beck KF, Koch E, Erdelmeier C, Kusch S, Pfeilschifter J, Loew D.Phytomedicine. 2004 Nov;11(7-8):585-95.
• 14. [Devil’s claw extract as an example of the effectiveness of herbal analgesics].
  Chrubasik S.Orthopade. 2004 Jul;33(7):804-8. Review. German.
• 15. [Effect of a Harpagophytum procumbens DC extract on matrix metalloproteinases in human chondrocytes in vitro].
  Schulze-Tanzil G, Hansen C, Shakibaei M.Arzneimittelforschung. 2004;54(4):213-20. German.
• 16. Treatment of patients with arthrosis of hip or knee with an aqueous extract of devil’s claw (Harpagophytum procumbens DC.).
  Wegener T, Lüpke NP.Phytother Res. 2003 Dec;17(10):1165-72.
• 17. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of abietane and totarane diterpenes isolated from Harpagophytum procumbens (devil’s claw).
  Clarkson C, Campbell WE, Smith P.Planta Med. 2003 Aug;69(8):720-4.
• 18. Screening pharmaceutical preparations containing extracts of turmeric rhizome, artichoke leaf, devil’s claw root and garlic or salmon oil for antioxidant capacity.
  Betancor-Fernández A, Pérez-Gálvez A, Sies H, Stahl W.J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003 Jul;55(7):981-6.
• 19. [Effects of Harpagophytum procumbens LI 174 (devil’s claw) on sensory, motor und vascular muscle reagibility in the treatment of unspecific back pain].
  Göbel H, Heinze A, Ingwersen M, Niederberger U, Gerber D.Schmerz. 2001 Feb;15(1):10-8. German.
• 20. Efficacy and tolerance of Harpagophytum extract LI 174 in patients with chronic non-radicular back pain.
  Laudahn D, Walper A.Phytother Res. 2001 Nov;15(7):621-4.

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