Botanical Ingredient

Limonin Safety Tips

Handling of Limonin should only be performed by personnel trained and familiar with handling potent active pharmaceutical ingredients. Moderate to severe irritant to the skin and eyes.

References

• 1. Limonoids and their anti-proliferative and anti-aromatase properties in human breast cancer cells.
  Kim J, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS.Food Funct. 2012 Nov 1. [Epub ahead of print]
• 2. Determination of limonin in dog plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.
  Liu SJ, Zhou L, Zhang J, Yu BY, Li CY, Liu ZX, Ju WZ.Biomed Chromatogr. 2012 Sep 27. doi: 10.1002/bmc.2821. [Epub ahead of print]
• 3. Quantification of limonin in human urine using solid-phase extraction by LC-MS/MS.
  Liu S, Zhang J, Zhou L, Yu B, Li C, Liu Z, Ju W.J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2012 Oct 15;907:163-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.08.038. Epub 2012 Sep 7.
• 4. Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad) phytochemicals composition is modulated by household processing techniques.
  Uckoo RM, Jayaprakasha GK, Balasubramaniam VM, Patil BS.J Food Sci. 2012 Sep;77(9):C921-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02865.x.
• 5. Degreening and postharvest storage influences ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) bioactive compounds.
  Chaudhary P, Jayaprakasha GK, Porat R, Patil BS.Food Chem. 2012 Dec 1;135(3):1667-75. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.095. Epub 2012 May 30.
• 6. Citrus limonin lacks the antichemotherapeutic effect in human models of breast cancer.
  Somasundaram S, Price J, Pearce K, Shuck R, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil B.J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics. 2012;5(2):106-14. Epub 2012 Aug 17.
• 7. Metabolomic analysis of citrus infection by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ reveals insight into pathogenicity.
  Slisz AM, Breksa AP 3rd, Mishchuk DO, McCollum G, Slupsky CM.J Proteome Res. 2012 Aug 3;11(8):4223-30. doi: 10.1021/pr300350x. Epub 2012 Jul 2.
• 8. Modeling of permeabilization process in Pseudomonas putida G7 for enhanced limonin bioconversion.
  Malik M, Ganguli A, Ghosh M.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012 Jul;95(1):223-31. doi: 10.1007/s00253-012-3880-z. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
• 9. Mosquito larvicidal activity of alkaloids and limonoids derived from Evodia rutaecarpa unripe fruits against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae).
  Liu ZL, Liu QZ, Du SS, Deng ZW.Parasitol Res. 2012 Sep;111(3):991-6. doi: 10.1007/s00436-012-2923-9. Epub 2012 Apr 25.
• 10. [Transport of limonin in rat intestine in situ and Caco-2 cells in vitro].
  Zhang XY, Ke X, He L, Tian JL.Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2012 Feb;47(2):229-32. Chinese.
• 11. Comparative transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of citrus fruit, to improve understanding of the effect of low temperature on maintaining fruit quality during lengthy post-harvest storage.
  Yun Z, Jin S, Ding Y, Wang Z, Gao H, Pan Z, Xu J, Cheng Y, Deng X.J Exp Bot. 2012 May;63(8):2873-93. doi: 10.1093/jxb/err390. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
• 12. Inhibitory effects of limonin on six human cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein in vitro.
  Han YL, Yu HL, Li D, Meng XL, Zhou ZY, Yu Q, Zhang XY, Wang FJ, Guo C.Toxicol In Vitro. 2011 Dec;25(8):1828-33. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.09.023. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
• 13. Indoloquinazoline alkaloids from Euodia rutaecarpa and their cytotoxic activities.
  Huang X, Zhang YB, Yang XW.J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2011 Oct;13(11):977-83. doi: 10.1080/10286020.2011.602015. Epub 2011 Oct 10.
• 14. Secondary metabolites of ponderosa lemon (Citrus pyriformis) and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities.
  Hamdan D, El-Readi MZ, Tahrani A, Herrmann F, Kaufmann D, Farrag N, El-Shazly A, Wink M.Z Naturforsch C. 2011 Jul-Aug;66(7-8):385-93.
• 15. Juice blends–a way of utilization of under-utilized fruits, vegetables, and spices: a review.
  Bhardwaj RL, Pandey S.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2011 Jul;51(6):563-70. doi: 10.1080/10408391003710654. Review.
• 16. Structure-function relationships of citrus limonoids on p38 MAP kinase activity in human aortic smooth muscle cells.
  Kim J, Jayaprakasha GK, Muthuchamy M, Patil BS.Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 Nov 16;670(1):44-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.035. Epub 2011 Sep 10.
• 17. Chemical composition and biological activity of Citrus jambhiri Lush.
  Hamdan D, El-Readi MZ, Tahrani A, Herrmann F, Kaufmann D, Farrag N, El-Shazly A, Wink M.Food Chem. 2011 Jul 15;127(2):394-403. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.129. Epub 2011 Jan 8.
• 18. Enhancement of bioconversion efficiency of limonin by Pseudmonas putida G7.
  Malik M, Ganguli A, Ghosh M.Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2012 Feb;63(1):59-65. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2011.596823. Epub 2011 Jul 6.
• 19. Anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic effects of the dietary citrus limonoid nomilin in mice fed a high-fat diet.
  Ono E, Inoue J, Hashidume T, Shimizu M, Sato R.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Jul 8;410(3):677-81. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.055. Epub 2011 Jun 12.
• 20. [Optimization of a HPLC determination method for Evodia rutaecarpa].
  Huang Z, Yi J, Wu Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Liu Y.Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2011 Feb;36(4):478-80. Chinese.

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